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肾脏在人体生理机能中的重要性是众所周知的。它之所以能够把人体的几乎全部新陈代谢废产物排泄出去,是因为有它独特的结构和血液循环,以保证肾脏在有大量血液供给(已知占心搏出量的四分之一)情况下,能从血液中清除出几乎所有的代谢产物。一、肾单位的微细结构和血液循环途径 (一)肾单位:每个肾约有120万个肾单位,生后不能再增加,切除一侧肾后留下的肾,其肾单位数量不会增加。肾脏可区分为:外皮质、内皮质、外髓质、内髓质(附图)。外皮质:占皮质外三分之二,即皮质肾小球所在地及其外侧。
The importance of the kidneys in human physiology is well known. It is able to expel almost all of the body’s metabolic waste products because of its unique structure and blood circulation to ensure that when the kidneys have a large supply of blood known to be a quarter of cardiac output , Can remove almost all the metabolites from the blood. First, the fine structure of the nephron and blood circulation (a) nephron: Each kidney about 1.2 million nephrons, after birth can no longer increase the number of kidneys left after removal of the kidney, the number of nephrons will not increase. Kidney can be divided into: the outer cortex, endocortis, outer medulla, medulla (with photos). Outer cortex: accounting for two thirds of the cortex, the cortical glomeruli is located and its lateral.