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烃源岩和原油中广泛分布的生物标志物因其“继承性”和“变异性”特征,可较好地指导石油勘探及相关工作,多年来已在油气地球化学中得到了广泛应用。尤其是在烃源岩及原油成熟度探讨方面,生物标志物有着独特的优势,一方面可以弥补镜质组颗粒细小无法准确反应成熟度的缺陷;另一方面,当烃源岩及原油遭受一定程度的生物降解时,生物标志物依然可以给出很好的结果。简要概述甾烷C_(29)ααα20S/(20S+20R)和C_(29)αββ/(ααα+αββ)、Ts/Tm、αβ藿烷/βα莫烷及藿烷C_(31)αβ22S/(22S+22R)等常见生物标志物指标及其在烃源岩及原油成熟度方面的应用,同时也指出了应用过程中一些需要注意的问题,如:生物降解、岩性的影响等。
Because of their “inheritance” and “variability” characteristics, biomarkers widely distributed in source rocks and crude oil can guide oil exploration and related work well and have been obtained in the oil and gas geochemistry for many years widely used. In particular, the biomarker has unique advantages in terms of source rock and crude oil maturity. On the one hand, biomarkers can make up for the defects that the fine grain of the vitrinite group can not accurately reflect the maturity. On the other hand, when the source rock and crude oil suffer certain Biomarkers still give good results when biodegraded. A brief overview of the effects of C29 α20α20S / (20S + 20R) and C_ (29) αββ / (ααα + αββ), Ts / Tm, αβ hopane / βαmoane and hopane C_ (31) αβ22S / + 22R) and other common biomarkers and their applications in source rock and crude oil maturity. At the same time, some problems requiring attention such as biodegradation and lithology are also pointed out.