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感光乳剂中卤化银颗粒接收足够的曝光量后可形成潜影,经过显影便成为可见影像。这个过程可以看作是第一级放大。它的放大因子为10~9。但是影像的密度取决于单位面积上显出的银量和银影像的遮盖本领。如果单位面积上显出的银颗粒太少,影像就不能被眼睛或仪器(如密度计)检测出来。单位面积上银颗粒太少可由两个原因造成的:或是因为曝光量太低以致具有可显潜影的颗粒太少;或是因为乳剂层中卤化银颗粒本来就太少。
The silver halide grains in a photographic emulsion receive a sufficient amount of exposure to form a latent image, which, after development, becomes a visible image. This process can be seen as the first level of amplification. Its amplification factor is 10 ~ 9. However, the density of the image depends on the amount of silver displayed per unit area and the covering power of the silver image. If there are too few silver particles per unit area, the image can not be detected by the eye or the instrument (such as a densitometer). Too little silver particles per unit area can be caused by two reasons: either too little amount of visible latent particles due to too low exposure, or too little silver halide particles in the emulsion layer.