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“本土知识”和“公民科学”分别代表出现在南半球和北半球的两套话语。本文比较这两种传统的异同 ,探讨它们如何代表不同的知识体系以及“他者”视角与现代科学的联系。说到底 ,“本土知识”论强调不同知识体系之间的概念、道德差异 ,而公民科学说则强调它源自与“专家”体制生产的科学的直接联系和对立。可是还有一种说法 :一切知识都是社会的产物。这种说法抹平了本土 /科学、外行 /专家之间的差别 ,将其归入各种不同的视角 ,以及不同社会主体因地制宜的实践。按这种说法 ,以上两种观点就都不大站得住了。然而不能因此掩盖知识体系间对立方式的真正差异 ,也就是那些反映着社会关系、科学实践以及它们生长于其中的制度史的差异。本文通过加勒比海地区 (特立尼达 )和西非 (几内亚 )猎人与国家公园的两例个案探讨这些差异 ,说明从一样的社会、历史关系中如何产生了“本土”、“市民”这样的分类。
“Local knowledge” and “citizen science” represent two sets of discourse in the southern and northern hemispheres, respectively. This article compares the similarities and differences between the two traditions and explores how they represent different systems of knowledge and the “other” perspective and modern science. At the end of the day, the theory of indigenous knowledge emphasizes the concept and moral differences between different systems of knowledge, whereas the theory of civil science emphasizes that it derives its direct connection and antagonism to the science of the production of “experts”. But there is another saying: all knowledge is the product of society. This kind of argument has eclipsed the differences between local / scientific, laymen / experts and classified them into different perspectives and practices of different social subjects according to local conditions. According to this view, the above two points of view do not stand at a glance. However, it does not mask the real difference in the antithesis of the system of knowledge, namely, the differences in institutional history that reflect social relations, scientific practices, and the institutions in which they are grown. This article examines these differences through two cases of hunters and national parks in the Caribbean (Trinidad) and West Africa (Guinea) and shows how categories such as “native” and “citizen” have been derived from the same social and historical relationship .