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目的了解西安市肾综合征出血热(HFRS)宿主动物的构成、分布及携带病毒状况。方法以夹夜法捕鼠,记录鼠种和生存环境,无菌解剖后取鼠肺提取RNA,扩增汉坦病毒M片段基因进行病毒分型。采用t检验分析不同月份间鼠密度及鼠带病毒率是否存在差异,一般线性模型分析不同生境害鼠密度的差异。结果 2012年共捕获2目4科6属12种480只鼠形动物,居民区鼠形动物密度为3.93%,野外为9.42%,野外鼠形动物密度显著高于居民区(F=4.555,P<0.05)。鼠形动物密度及带病毒率月份间差异有统计学意义(t=4.900,P<0.05;t=5.894,P<0.05),鼠形动物密度从5月显著上升,8月为最高,11月后开始明显下降。野外鼠形动物带病毒率为28.53%,居民区未检出带病毒鼠,带病毒鼠形动物种类有3种,分别为黑线姬鼠、小家鼠、北小麝鼩,其携带病毒均为Ⅰ型(汉滩型),黑线姬鼠占总带病毒鼠的97.48%,其带病毒率为31.52%。结论黑线姬鼠仍是该地区HFRS最主要的宿主动物;野外鼠应为防控重点,建议对重点疫区鼠类从4月开始实施综合防控措施。
Objective To understand the composition, distribution and virus-carrying status of host animals with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Xi’an. Methods Mouse was caught with the method of nocturnal capture and the species and living environment were recorded. Aseptic dissection was performed to extract RNA from mouse lung and amplify the gene of M segment of Hantavirus for virus typing. The t-test was used to analyze whether there was a difference in the rat density and the rat virion rate in different months. The general linear model was used to analyze the differences in density of rats in different habitats. Results A total of 480 species of 12 species, 4 genera, 6 genera, 2 orders, 4 families, were captured in 2012. The density of resident animals was 3.93% in the settlements and 9.42% in the wild. The density of wild animals was significantly higher than that of the residential areas (F = 4.555, P <0.05). There was significant difference between the month of rat and animal (t = 4.900, P <0.05; t = 5.894, P <0.05). The density of mouse was significantly increased from May to August, After the start of a significant decline. There was 28.53% of wild rat-type virus with virus-free mice and three species of virus-like mouse-type mice, respectively, Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus, For Type Ⅰ (Hantaan type), Apodemus agrarius accounted for 97.48% of the total infected mice, with a viral load of 31.52%. Conclusions Apodemus agrarius is still the main host animal of HFRS in this area; the wild rats should be the focus of prevention and control. It is suggested that the rodents should be integrated with prevention and control measures in April.