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医学研究对象主要是人体,以及与人体健康有关的各种因素。由于生物现象变异大,影响因素错综复杂,医学研究常是抽样观察,使事物本质差异与抽样误差混杂,故需用统计方法透过偶然现象来探测其规律性。医师评价日常防治措施,阅读医学书刊亦需统计学知识。现结合临床实例,介绍基本统计学知识。有关期刊论文中存在的主要统计学问题请参见文献。一、试验设计的基本要素与原则医学科研,设计是关键。理想的试验设计,可用较少的人力、物力和时间,使试验误差减少到最低限度,又能把多、少观察因素,科学合理地安排在一个试验中,及时获得丰富而可靠的资料,准确而真实地反映试验结果,并经得实践重复。现在医学模型由生物医学模式演变为生物——心理——社会医学模式,临床医学必然以医院为基础,面向社会与人群,从单纯的诊治、转向防治综合研究。
Medical research objects are mainly human, and various factors related to human health. Due to the large variation of biological phenomena and the intricate and complex factors, medical research is often sampling observation, which makes the nature of things inconsistent with sampling errors. Therefore, it is necessary to use statistical methods to detect its regularity through accidental phenomena. Physicians evaluate daily prevention and treatment measures, reading medical books and periodicals also need statistical knowledge. Now with the clinical examples, introduce basic statistics knowledge. The main statistical issues in the journal papers can be found in the literature. First, the basic elements and principles of experimental design Medical research, design is the key. The ideal experimental design can use less manpower, material resources, and time to minimize the experimental error, and can more or less observe the factors, arrange it scientifically and reasonably in a test, and get rich and reliable data in time. It truly reflects the test results, and it has been repeated in practice. Now the medical model has evolved from a biomedical model to a biological-psychological-social medical model. Clinical medicine is bound to be based on hospitals, facing society and people, from simple diagnosis and treatment to comprehensive research on prevention and control.