论文部分内容阅读
诞生于狂热“大跃进”年代的、作为向共产主义过渡桥梁的人民公社,面世之后连续给中国人民带来了两场大灾难。但其作为载入党的文件和共和国宪法而得以肯定的体制,是难以被撼动的。万里在人民公社诞生之初就提出了质疑,在1978年中央工作会议上尖锐而系统地批判了人民公社三大体制性弊端,要求进行改革。与此同时,他和安徽省的广大农民、干部,在实践中率先突破“左”的束缚,推行包产、包干到户,否定人民公社体制。万里于1980年进入中央决策层后,在邓小平、胡耀邦的支持下,将双包到户推向全国,并最终形成了以家庭联产承包责任制为主体、统分结合、双层经营的现行体制。1993年召开的八届人大一次会议,接受万里的提议,修改了宪法,将“农村家庭联产承包责任制长期不变”载入宪法,把“人民公社”从宪法中删除。
The People’s Commune, which was born in a period of fanatical “Great Leap Forward” as a bridge to communism, brought two consecutive catastrophes to the Chinese people after it was introduced. However, it can hardly be shaken off as a system affirmed by the party’s documents and the constitution of the Republic. Wanli raised questions at the very beginning of the establishment of the People’s Commune, sharply and systematically criticized the three institutional defects of the people’s commune at the 1978 Central Work Conference and demanded reforms. At the same time, he and the peasants and cadres in Anhui Province took the lead in breaking through the shackles of “leftist” in their practice and implemented the system of contract-based production and contract management, denying the people’s commune system. With the support of Deng Xiaoping and Hu Yaobang, Wanli pushed the double-decked households to the whole country after entering the central policy-making level in 1980 and eventually formed the current system of household-based contract responsibility system as the main body. system. The first session of the Eighth National People’s Congress held in 1993 accepted the offer of Miles and amended the constitution to “load the rural household’s household contract responsibility system for a long period of time” into the Constitution and delete “people’s communes” from the Constitution.