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目的评价四川省某高校大学生病毒性肝炎健康教育效果,为探索以学校为中心普及病毒性肝炎预防知识的健康教育模式提供参考,为制定有效的肝炎防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,选取四川省某高校一年级大学生作为研究对象,采取讲座、标语、主题班会、墙报、肝炎促进活动作品创作攻关等多种形式开展健康教育。在健康教育前后采用问卷法对目标人群进行病毒性肝炎相关知识、态度、行为(KAP)及信息获取情况的调查,并对效果进行评价。结果健康教育后,学生对病毒性肝炎基本知识的知晓率有所提高,但是对其传播途径的知晓率仍较低,尤其是甲(戊)型肝炎传播途径的知晓率,由健康教育前的2.1%上升为教育后的2.3%,但差异无统计学意义;不介意与乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒携带者共进餐和愿意接种乙肝疫苗的比例上升,健康教育前后差异具有统计学意义;乙肝疫苗的接种率由教育前的60.1%提高到了78.2%,差异具有统计学意义。结论通过健康教育,使大学生对传播肝炎的相关知识知晓率有所提高,特别是有效提高了病毒性肝炎预防控制知识和有关信念,但对效果不明显的内容今后应进一步探索有效的教育方法。
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on viral hepatitis in college students in a university in Sichuan Province, and to provide reference for exploring health education mode of popularizing viral hepatitis prevention knowledge in schools and to provide scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and cure strategies and measures of hepatitis. Methods Using random cluster sampling method, a freshman college student in a university in Sichuan Province was selected as the research object. Health education was conducted in various forms such as lectures, slogans, class meetings, wall posters and hepatitis promoting activities. Before and after health education, questionnaires were used to investigate the knowledge, attitude, behavior (KAP) and information acquisition of viral hepatitis in the target population, and the effect was evaluated. Results After the health education, the students’ awareness of the basic knowledge of viral hepatitis was improved, but their awareness of the route of transmission was still low. In particular, the awareness of the transmission of hepatitis A (hepatitis E) 2.1% increased to 2.3% after education, but the difference was not statistically significant; do not mind with hepatitis B (hepatitis B) virus carriers and willingness to inoculate hepatitis B vaccine increased the proportion of health education before and after the difference was statistically significant; hepatitis B Vaccination rate increased from 60.1% before education to 78.2%, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Through health education, the awareness rate of college students about the related knowledge of hepatitis is improved. Especially, the knowledge and belief of prevention and control of viral hepatitis are effectively improved. However, the effective education methods should be further explored in the future with less obvious effect.