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吗啡是阿片类的天然生物碱,常用的镇痛药物,作用于神经细胞表达的阿片受体,致使疼痛缓解和痛觉缺失。其次,吗啡对免疫系统功能有广泛的影响,对固有免疫和适应性免疫均起调节作用。吗啡抑制T淋巴细胞增殖及迁移、自然杀伤细胞活性,抑制免疫细胞产生MIP-1β、IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、IL-12等分子,并诱导CCR5、IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α等。而对长期使用吗啡镇痛的肾细胞癌病人,同时使用褪黑素,不仅不影响吗啡的镇痛效果,还克服了其免疫抑制作用。吗啡调节免疫功能除了与阿片受体有关,还涉及许多的信号途径。现就吗啡对免疫系统调节作用的分子机理作概述。
Morphine is a natural alkaloid of opiates, a commonly used analgesic, acting on opioid receptors expressed in nerve cells, causing pain relief and analgesia. Second, morphine has a wide range of effects on the immune system, regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. Morphine inhibits the proliferation and migration of T lymphocytes and the activity of natural killer cells, and inhibits the production of MIP-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 in immune cells and induces the expression of CCR5, IL- 6, TNF-α and so on. The long-term use of morphine analgesic renal cell carcinoma patients, while using melatonin, morphine not only does not affect the analgesic effect, but also overcome its immunosuppressive effect. Morphine modulates immune function in addition to opioid receptors, but also involves many signaling pathways. The molecular mechanism of the regulation of morphine on the immune system is summarized.