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The avian influenza A virus currently prevailing in Asia causes fatal pneumonia and multiple organ failure in birds and humans.Despite intensive research,understanding of the characteristics of influenza A virus that determine its virulence is incomplete.NS1A protein,a non-structural protein of influenza A virus,was reported to contribute to its pathogenicity and virulence.NS1A protein is a multifunctional protein that plays a significant role in resisting the host antiviral response during the influenza infection.This review briefly outlines the current knowledge on the structure and function of the NS1A protein.