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自20世纪70年代分子生物技术诞生并逐渐在眼科领域应用以来,眼科研究工作发生了革命性变化,取得了显著成绩,其影响已超出眼科领域,如利用分子生物技术在针对视网膜母细胞瘤的研究中首次发现了“肿瘤抑制基因”,并为肿瘤形成的“二次突变假说”提供了关键证据;在视网膜变性研究中,应用分子生物技术定位和克隆了数十个致病基因,揭示了疾病在病因和发病机制方面的复杂性。我国虽已在眼科基础研究中开始应用分子生物技术,但在有效利用该技术在分子水平深入探讨疾病的病因和发生发展机制方面仍明显落后于国外。近年来基因组学、蛋白组学以及表观遗传学、模式生物学、生物信息学、系统生物学等理论和技术迅速发展,正确使用和整合这些新技术,不仅可为我们的研究工作提供更为有效的手段,而且还将对我国眼科事业的发展产生深远的影响。
Since the birth of molecular biotechnology in the 1970s and gradually applied in the field of ophthalmology, the research on ophthalmology has undergone revolutionary changes and remarkable achievements have been achieved. Its influence has gone beyond the field of ophthalmology, such as the use of molecular biology techniques in the study of retinoblastoma The first discovery of “tumor suppressor genes” in the study provided crucial evidence for the “second mutation” hypothesis of tumor formation. In the study of retinal degeneration, molecular biological techniques were used to locate and clone dozens of virulence genes, revealing The complexity of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Although our country started to apply molecular biology technology in basic research of ophthalmology, it still lagged far behind abroad in the effective use of this technology at the molecular level to probe deeply into the etiology and development mechanism of the disease. In recent years, genomics, proteomics and epigenetics, model biology, bioinformatics, system biology and other theories and technologies are rapidly developing. Proper use and integration of these new technologies not only provides us with more research work Effective means, but also will have a profound impact on the development of China’s ophthalmic career.