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本文是对机载预警 (AEW) 雷达系统设计原则的一个综述。讨论了未来机载预警系统的主要问题及改进其性能可能采取的手段。最后提供了一个最新实验台的例子,它是由瑞典国防部建造的。机载预警雷达工作在杂波占统治地位的环境中,雷达要检测处于杂波环境中的有用目标。机载雷达平台升高了,使其具有观测低高度目标的优点。但是与此同时,与地 (海) 面雷达相比,在俯视陆地或海面时,它会遇到更恶劣的杂波状态。最复杂的情况是运动的体杂波与地面固定杂波的合成,它左右着雷达的设计。因此,在机载预警雷达中碰到的主要问题是要把杂波抑制到足够低的程度。这促使人们去研制和设计脉冲多普勒雷达,这种雷达使用精心设计的波形和具有低或超低副辦的高性能天线。讨论了杂波环境的基本特性,叙述了对天线性能和波形设计的要求。由于环境特性是变化的,希望雷达的工作方式能够改变,以便与占优势的环境条件相适应。可以预见,在将来的系统中,几乎实时地自适应选择工作方式参数是可能的。电子控制波束将进一步改进系统的性能,并且可能自适应地改变搜索与跟踪方式的数据率。
This article is an overview of the design principles for Airborne Early Warning (AEW) radar systems. Discussed the main problems of future airborne early warning system and possible measures to improve its performance. Finally, an example of the latest test bed is provided by the Swedish Ministry of Defense. Airborne early warning radars work in a clutter dominated environment, and radars detect useful targets in a clutter environment. The airborne radar platform is up, giving it the advantage of observing low altitude targets. In the meantime, however, it encounters worse clutter when looking down at land or sea than terrestrial (sea) surface radars. The most complicated situation is the synthesis of moving body clutter and ground clutter, which is about the radar design. Therefore, the main problem encountered in airborne early warning radars is to keep the clutter low enough. This has led to the development and design of pulsed Doppler radar, which uses well-designed waveforms and high-performance antennas with low or ultra-low side-rates. The basic characteristics of the clutter environment are discussed, and the requirements for antenna performance and waveform design are described. Due to the changing nature of the environment, it is desirable that the way the radar operates can be adapted to suit the prevailing environmental conditions. It is foreseeable that in future systems it is possible to adaptively select working mode parameters in near real time. The electronically controlled beam will further improve the performance of the system and may adaptively change the data rate of the search and tracking modes.