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目的了解张家港市学龄前儿童患龋情况及口腔健康行为,为龋病防治提供依据。方法采取分层、随机、整群抽样的方法,选择张家港市16所幼儿园的1 405名学龄前儿童,对其进行口腔检查并发放问卷,由家长填写后统一收回。结果学龄前儿童患龋率为61.99%,龋均为2.81,龋失补充填率为3.54%;男、女童患龋率分别为63.21%、60.63%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),城、乡患龋率分别为60.86%、63.36%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);随着年龄的增长,患龋率升高,在不同年龄组间患龋率差异有统计学意义(χ2=39.470,P<0.05);3岁以前开始刷牙的儿童占30.25%,从长第一个牙就开始刷牙的仅占1.00%,18.78%的儿童只是偶尔刷牙甚至不刷牙。饮食方面仅有23.42%的儿童不在睡前吃甜食。睡前高频进食甜食和开始刷牙的年龄较大是儿童龋病发生的重要危险因素,结果均有统计学意义(χ2=9.740、14.913,P<0.05)。结论张家港市学龄前儿童的患龋率较高,口腔健康行为较差,应加强对儿童和家长的口腔健康教育。
Objective To understand the caries prevalence and oral health behaviors among preschool children in Zhangjiagang City and provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. Methods A total of 1 405 preschoolers from 16 kindergartens in Zhangjiagang City were selected by stratified, randomized and cluster sampling method. Oral examination was performed and questionnaires were sent out. Results The prevalence of caries in preschool children was 61.99%, caries was 2.81, caries lost and replenishment rate was 3.54%, male and female caries rates were 63.21% and 60.63% respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05) The prevalence of dental caries in urban and rural areas was 60.86% and 63.36% respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). With the increase of age, the prevalence of dental caries increased. There was a statistically significant difference in caries prevalence among different age groups (χ2 = 39.470, P <0.05). Before the age of 3, 30.25% of the children started brushing their teeth. Only 1.00% started to brush their teeth from the first tooth. 18.78% of children only occasionally brush or even not brush their teeth. Only 23.42% of children in the diet do not eat sweets before going to bed. High frequency of eating sweets before going to bed and brushing older age is an important risk factor for caries in children, the results were statistically significant (χ2 = 9.740,14.913, P <0.05). Conclusion Preschool children in Zhangjiagang City have a higher prevalence of dental caries and poor oral health behaviors. Oral health education should be strengthened for children and their parents.