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转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)对角膜基质瘢痕形成具有极其重要的生物学效应,而且是导致细胞外基质(ECM)异常沉积及胶原纤维结构异常的关键调控因子.TGF-β是一个由多种细胞分泌、具有多效性的细胞因子家族,必须激活才具备效应.TGF-β主要通过与相关受体结合后激活Smads信号通路才能发挥作用.TGF-β可刺激胶原及蛋白多糖的合成和分泌,引起ECM合成与降解失调.TGF-β通过上调结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、下调硫酸角质素蛋白聚糖(KSPGs)及调节基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)从而抑制ECM降解.近年来,TGF-β因其广泛的生物学作用而成为抗瘢痕形成的研究热点.就TGF-β的生物学特征、TGF-β受体(TGFF-βR)、Smads信号通路及TGF-β促角膜基质瘢痕的分子机制进行综述.“,”Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a key role during corneal stroma scarring.It is a critical regulator in abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and construction of collagen fibers.TGF-β is a family cytokines secreted by a variety of cells.It has multiple effects only when it is activated.The major signaling pathway of TGF-β is Smad,which is activated by the binding of TGF-β and its receptors.TGF-β stimulates the synthesis and secretion of collagen and proteoglycan,which results in disbalance of synthesis and degradation of ECM.The mechanism of TGF-β on promoting corneal fibrosis includes upregulating connective tissue growth factor (CTGF),downregulating keratin sulfate proteoglycans(KSPGs) and inhibiting the degradation of ECM by regulating matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs).Recently,TGF-β has been a promoting growth factor of scar-free wound healing because of its extensive biological effects.This review summarized biological characteristics of TGF-β,its receptors and Smads signal pathway and the molecular mechanism that accelerates corneal stroma scarring.