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截至2009年4月,美国共有20个州制定了针对键康与安全子领域的0~3岁婴幼儿学习与发展标准。对这些州教育主管部门公布的有关标准的文本进行内容分析,可以发现大多数州将0~3岁婴幼儿划分为8个月、18个月、36个月三个发展阶段,并对这三个年龄段婴幼儿在健康与安全子领域中的发展作出了详细的规定。其中有关儿童健康发展的标准主要涉及到了“日常生活技能”与“营养”方面。日常生活技能又可具体分为吃、卫生、穿脱衣服、协助成人、如厕、自我安慰等。营养方面主要涉及“对食物的认识”和“吃的食物种类”等;有关儿童安全方面的标准主要包括“危险认识与避险行为”“认识并遵守规则”两部分内容。我国政府应参照美国政府的做法,尽快在科学研究的基础上制订符合我国实际的0~3岁婴幼儿学习与发展标准,重视早教师资的培养,以大力推动我国早教事业的发展。
As of April 2009, a total of 20 states in the United States have set standards for learning and development for infants and young children aged 0-3 years for the Key Health and Safety Sub-fields. An analysis of the texts of relevant standards promulgated by the state education authorities shows that most states divide the infants from 0 to 3 years into three stages of development: 8 months, 18 months and 36 months. A section of children and adolescents in health and safety in the development of the sub-area made detailed provisions. Among them, the standards on the development of children’s health mainly relate to “daily life skills” and “nutrition”. Daily life skills can be specifically divided into eating, hygiene, wearing undress, assisting adults, toileting, self-comforting and so on. The main aspects of nutrition are related to the recognition of food and the type of food to be eaten, etc. The standards on children’s safety mainly include the following: “Risk Awareness and Risk Aversion ” “Understanding and Complying with the Rules ” Part. The government of our country should make reference to the practice of the U.S. government as soon as possible on the basis of scientific research to formulate standards for learning and development of infants and toddlers aged 0 ~ 3 in line with China’s actual conditions, attach importance to the training of teachers for early education so as to vigorously promote the development of early childhood education in our country.