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纵观历史,大凡每次大战结束后,都要召开专门的国际会议讨论处置战败国的问题。这些会议往往导致交战国领土、边界和政局的重大变化,因而在历史上具有其深远的影响。例如,拿破仑战争后的维也纳会议、第一次世界大战后的凡尔赛会议、华盛顿会议等就是如此。第二次世界大战也不例外,所不同的是,这些会议不是在战争结束之后,而是在战争末期就举行多次,所讨论的问题也比过去广泛得多。一、处置战败国的经过早在战争期间,盟国就对战后处置战败国的问题有所考虑,1940年美国国务院建立了一个“对外关系问题咨询委员会”,1941年参战后又成立了由国务卿赫尔领导的“战后
Throughout history, after every major war, special international conferences must be held to discuss the disposal of defeated nations. These meetings have often led to major changes in the territories, borders and politics of belligerents and have thus far had a profound impact in history. For example, the Vienna Conference after the Napoleonic Wars, the Versailles Conference after the First World War, the Washington Conference, and so on. The Second World War was no exception, except that the meetings were held not long after the end of the war, but rather at the end of the war, and the issues discussed were much broader than in the past. I. Dealing with the Defeat Countries As early as during the war, the Allies considered the post-war disposal of the defeated nation. In 1940, the State Department established an Advisory Committee on Foreign Relations. After the war in 1941, Seoul led the "post-war