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【目的】斯氏按蚊Anopheles stephensi是亚洲东南部城市人体疟疾的主要媒介,印度12%的疟疾病例由其引起。本实验研究了印度中部Madhya Pradesh地区东北部的疟疾强化控制(EMCP)区和非强化控制(非EMCP)区斯氏按蚊的基因流。在EMCP区,由于采用了各种疟疾防控措施因而疟疾病例首先降低,但是很快回升,说明总的疟疾风险维持稳定。【方法】应用7个微卫星位点,对印度中部Madhya Pradesh地区东北部的4个EMCP区和非EMCP区采集的斯氏按蚊进行基因分型,以分析各种群参数。【结果】发现各标记在所有种群中表现出高度的多态性。在两区间未发现很大的遗传多样性。观察到EMCP区的东部种群(FST=0.0485,RST=0.1112)比非EMCP区的北部种群(FST=0.020,RST=0.0145)具有较高的遗传分化,在EMCP区和非EMCP区之间观察到较高的基因流(12.90,6.16,5.06和2.38)。RST的灵敏度高于FST,说明分化可能是由于突变而非遗传漂变引起的。【结论】本研究表明,在EMCP区和非EMCP区内以及EMCP区和非EMCP区之间存在很高的基因流。基因流水平高以及抗虫性的发展似乎是EMCP区和非EMCP区疟疾病例发生增加的重要原因。
[Objective] Anopheles stephensi is the major vehicle for human malaria in the southeastern Asian cities, and 12% of malaria cases in India are caused by it. This study examined the gene flow in an area of malaria control (EMCP) and non-intensified control (non-EMCP) areas of Anopheles stephensi in the northeastern Madhya Pradesh region of central India. In the EMCP zone, the number of malaria cases dropped first due to various malaria prevention and control measures, but recovered quickly, indicating that the overall malaria risk remained stable. 【Method】 Seven microsatellite loci were used to genotype Anopheles stephensi collected from 4 EMCP areas and non-EMCP areas in the northeast of Madhya Pradesh area in central India to analyze various group parameters. 【Result】 The results showed that each marker showed a high degree of polymorphism in all populations. No significant genetic diversity was found in the two regions. The eastern population of the EMCP region (FST = 0.0485, RST = 0.1112) was observed to have a higher genetic differentiation than the northern population of the non-EMCP region (FST = 0.020, RST = 0.0145) and was observed between the EMCP and non-EMCP regions Higher gene flow (12.90, 6.16, 5.06 and 2.38). RST is more sensitive than FST, indicating that differentiation may be due to mutations rather than genetic drift. [Conclusion] This study shows that there is a high gene flow in the EMCP and non-EMCP zones and between the EMCP and non-EMCP zones. The high levels of gene flow and the development of insect resistance appear to be an important reason for the increase in malaria cases in EMCP and non-EMCP areas.