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一药多效是中药的普遍现象,然而中药在针对具体病症的复方中,并非是该中药的全部成分表达药效,而是部分成分显示出有效性,即定向功效成分。针对中药定向物质基础是什么及如何发挥作用的科学问题,提出辨识多效中药定向药效成分的研究策略。该策略基于“方剂配伍”与“不同病症”或“多效”这两个前提,结合代谢组学与药物解析等关键技术,采用体内逆向分析和拆分配伍等研究方法,比较分析中药在针对不同病证的不同方剂中,所显示出的定向功效成分,再进行药效验证。以山西道地药材黄芪为研究实例进行说明,以期构建多效中药定向功效成分研究的方法体系,研究结果将从分子水平阐释方剂的配伍规律,为基于药效的中药质量控制指明方向,为中成药生产和临床用药选择适宜的原料提供依据,为组分中药创制提供研究基础。
Multi-effect of one drug is a common phenomenon of traditional Chinese medicine. However, in traditional Chinese medicine-specific compounds, it is not the whole component of the traditional Chinese medicine that expresses the efficacy, but some of the components show the effectiveness of the directional efficacy component. In view of the scientific problem of what and how to orient the material base of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a research strategy to identify the directional active ingredients of multi-effect TCM is proposed. The strategy is based on the premise of “compatibility of prescriptions” and “different disorders” or “multi-effect”, combined with the key technologies such as metabolomics and drug analysis, in-vivo reverse analysis and compatibility study , Comparative analysis of Chinese medicine in different prescriptions for different syndromes, the directional efficacy of components shown, and then efficacy verification. This paper takes Astragalus membranaceus as a case study in Shanxi Province for the purpose of constructing a method system for the study of the directional active ingredients of multi-effect traditional Chinese medicine. The results will explain the compatibility of prescriptions from the molecular level and indicate the direction of quality control of traditional Chinese medicine The choice of suitable raw materials for the production of clinical medicine and clinical medicine provides the basis for the research on the composition of traditional Chinese medicine.