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人类对微小物体的观察是从放大镜开始的,后来光学显微镜的出现又能看见细菌和细胞,但对病毒及细胞内部的精细结构却不能看见。直到1932年德国人试制成功第一台电子显微镜,才有了更有力的武器来探索微观世界的奥密。随着电子显微镜性能的不断改进,分辨率也不断提高,近年来可达到2 ,能看到单个金属原子象。目前,电镜的种类很多,能放大几万至几十万倍,已成为研究微观世界的重要工具。根据性能和用途主要分为五大类:(一)
Human observation of tiny objects begins with a magnifying glass. Later, the appearance of optical microscopes can see bacteria and cells, but they can not be seen in the delicate structures of viruses and cells. It was not until 1932 that the Germans succeeded in the first electron microscope trial that they had more powerful weapons to explore the aura of the microcosm. With the continuous improvement of the performance of the electron microscope, the resolution is also increasing, reaching 2 in recent years, and the single metal atom image can be seen. At present, many types of electron microscope, can amplify tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of times, has become an important tool for the study of the micro-world. According to performance and purpose are mainly divided into five categories: (a)