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概念是反映客观事物本质属性的思维形式。正确理解数学概念是解题的基础,也是进行判断、推理的依据。因此,在进行概念教学时,应有步骤地教给学生一些学习概念的方法。 一、抓关键。 教学中,应当抓住概念中的某些本质属性来组织教学过程。引导学生通过对关键词语的剖析,揭示概念蛇本质属性。例如,梯形的定义“只有一组对边平行的四边形”中的“只”字是关键性词语,揭示了梯形的本质是“只有一组对边平行的四边形”,而梯形的另一组对边一定不平行,至于梯形的不同形状、位置、方向等都是非本质属性。 二、找要点。 数学概念的用词一般都很严密、精炼,具有高度的概括性。教师每教学一个概念,应教会学生“咬文嚼字”,“逐字推敲”,弄清每一个字、词的含义,分清每个概念的层次要点。例如,平行线的定义是“在同一平面内不相交的两条直线叫做平行线”。让学生找出定义中的三个要点:“在同一平面内”,“不相交”,“两条直线”。
Concept is a form of thinking that reflects the essential attributes of objective things. Correct understanding of mathematical concepts is the basis for solving problems, but also the basis for judgment and reasoning. Therefore, in the process of concept teaching, students should be taught some methods to learn the concept step by step. First, grasp the key. Teaching, we should seize the concept of some essential attributes to organize the teaching process. Guide students through the analysis of key words to reveal the nature of the concept of snake. For example, the word “only” in the definition of a trapezoid, “a quadrilateral that is parallel to an edge,” is the key word, revealing that the essence of a trapezoid is “there is only one quadrilateral that is parallel to an edge,” and the other pair of trapezoids The edges must not be parallel, and the different shapes, positions and orientations of the trapezoid are all non-essential attributes. Second, find points. The terminology of mathematical concepts are generally very strict, refined, with a high degree of generalization. Each teaching a concept of teachers should teach the students to “chew the word”, “word by word” to find out the meaning of each word, word, distinguish the level of each concept points. For example, the definition of parallel lines is “two lines that do not intersect in the same plane are called parallel lines.” Have students identify three points in the definition: “in the same plane”, “disjoint”, “two straight lines.”