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本文研究了从大柴旦盐湖脱硼卤水中用TBP连续萃取分离氯化锂的工艺。证明分馏萃取理论适用于有色金属的分离。实验选择有机相为80％TBP,确认TBP萃取反应机理是TBP萃取铁生成HFeCl_4·2TBP,而后氢离子与其它阳离子交换。考察了萃取过程中各级水相和有机相的元素组成、分配比和分离因素。确定了TBP萃取氯化锂同时实现高纯度、高收率的工艺条件。半工业实验产品纯度98.5％、收率97.1％。该工艺已被青海省采用设计一个年产50t氯化锂的中间工厂。
In this paper, the process of continuous extraction and separation of lithium chloride from TBP in debittering brine at Dachaidan Salt Lake was studied. It is proved that Fractional Extraction Theory is suitable for the separation of non-ferrous metals. The experiment chose 80% TBP as the organic phase, confirming that TBP extraction reaction mechanism is TBP extraction of iron to generate HFeCl_4 · 2TBP, and then the hydrogen ions are exchanged with other cations. The elemental composition, partition ratio and separation factor of aqueous and organic phases in the extraction process were investigated. TBP extraction of lithium chloride was confirmed at the same time to achieve high-purity, high yield process conditions. Semi-industrial test product purity of 98.5%, yield 97.1%. The process has been adopted by Qinghai Province to design an intermediate plant with an annual output of 50t lithium chloride.