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中国出口价格不管与发达国家相比,还是与发展中国家相比,都显著偏低,而且产品的技术等级越高,价格差别就越大,这与近年来中国出口贸易结构的显著改善背道而驰。究其原因,在于加工贸易是中国出口贸易的主体这一特殊性所致。如果排除加工贸易,中国出口产品的技术含量多年来并没有明显增加,这导致中国出口价格一直居于低位。随着中国劳动力短缺情形的逐步显现和人民币汇率的升值,中国低成本的优势正逐步丧失,中国应利用过渡期尽快实现加工贸易的转型升级,加大自主创新,强化产品定价的话语权,这对中国未来经济的发展是至关重要的。
China’s export prices are significantly lower than those in developed countries or those in developing countries, and the higher the technical grade of products, the greater the price difference, which runs counter to the remarkable improvement in China’s export trade structure in recent years. The reason is that the processing trade is the main body of China’s export trade this particularity. Excluding the processing trade, the technical content of China’s exports has not increased significantly over the years, which has led to China’s export prices staying low. With the gradual appearance of labor shortage in China and the appreciation of RMB exchange rate, the advantage of low cost in China is gradually losing its value. China should make use of the transformation and upgrading of processing trade as soon as possible during the transitional period, intensify independent innovation and strengthen the right to speak of product pricing. It is of crucial importance to China’s future economic development.