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巴楚小海子地区石炭系剖面是伸入塔里木盆地沙漠腹地唯一的露头剖面,其石炭系包括巴楚组、卡拉沙依组和喀拉拜勒组,为一套较典型的陆源碎屑、碳酸盐与硫酸盐混合沉积物,它们主要形成于潮坪—泻湖环境之中。其中,陆源碎屑岩占地层总量的16％,其类型有砂岩、粉砂岩及泥(页)岩;碳酸盐岩占地层总量的13％,以灰岩占绝对优势,其次为少量白云岩,灰岩中大多数混有一定数量的砂和粉砂;硫酸盐岩占地层总量的61％,且以石膏岩和硬石膏岩形式存在。混合沉积物主要表现为以下11种形式:①灰岩夹粉砂岩,系海平面上升过程中因短暂间断而导致陆源碎屑向盆地迁入所形成;②灰岩与页岩互层,是由于海平面上升过程中存在多个次级的升降旋回所致,海平面上升相对快时沉积陆源泥,至高水位时则沉积清水碳酸盐岩;③石膏岩与泥晶灰岩互层,系海平面变化与古气候交替作用的产物,海平面上升时以碳酸盐岩沉积为主,海平面下降时,由于气候炎热干燥而形成石膏岩;④石膏岩夹粉砂岩,系古气候的干热与潮湿交替作用的产物;⑤石膏岩与泥岩互层,
The Baxu-Xiahaizi Carboniferous section is the only outcrop section extending into the desert hinterland of the Tarim Basin. The Carboniferous includes the Bachu Formation, the Karashayi Formation and the Kalabaile Formation. It is a typical set of terrestrial debris, carbon Mixed with sulfate and sulfate sediments, they are mainly formed in the tidal flat - lagoon environment. Among them, the terrigenous clastic rocks account for 16% of the total amount of the strata, and their types are sandstone, siltstone and mudstone (page). Carbonate accounts for 13% of the total formation, with limestone accounting for the absolute superiority followed by a small amount Most of dolomite and limestone are mixed with a certain amount of sand and silt. Sulphate accounts for 61% of the total amount of the formation, and exists as gypsum and anhydrite. The mixed sediments are mainly manifested in the following 11 forms: ① limestone sandstone siltstone, formed by the transgression of terrigenous debris into the basin due to a short interruption during sea level rise; ② interbedded limestone and shale due to There are several secondary lift cycles in the sea level rise process. Landslip mud is deposited when the sea level rises relatively fast, and clear water carbonate rocks are deposited at the high water level. ③ Intergranular layers of gypsum and limestone, The product of the alternation of the plane change with the paleoclimate is mainly carbonate sediment when the sea level rises. When the sea level declines, the gypsum rock is formed due to the hot and dry climate. Alternating with moist products; ⑤ gypsum and mudstone interbed,