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一、苏联农业租赁承包制产生的背景长期以来,农业一直是苏联经济中的一个落后部门。农业生产的不景气状况,使苏联的食品供应成为“社会生活中最大的痛点,最尖锐的问题”。目前,苏联一些地区的食品短缺异常严重,在26个地区实行肉类定量供应制度,在32个地区实行黄油定量供应制度,在53个地区实行食糖定量供应制度。一些山区小城市的供应更差。为了缓和市场供应的紧张状况,苏联不得不用大量的外汇、原材料、能源产品向国外换取食品。据报道,从1963年以来,苏联每年都要进口谷物。目前苏联国内需要的三分之一的植物油,十分之一的肉类,五分之一的动物油,五分之一的蔬菜果品罐头,6%的干果都需要从国外进口。为此不少苏联人尖锐地指出,“叫人
First, the background of the Soviet agricultural lease contract system For a long time, agriculture has been a backward sector of the Soviet economy. The downturn in agricultural production has made the food supply in the Soviet Union “the biggest pain point and the sharpest issue in social life.” Currently, the food shortage in some parts of the Soviet Union is extremely serious. The system of quantitative meat supply has been implemented in 26 regions. The system of quantitatively supplying butter has been implemented in 32 regions and the quantitative system of sugar supply has been implemented in 53 regions. Some mountain smaller cities are even worse off. In order to ease the tense situation of market supply, the Soviet Union had to exchange foreign exchange for raw materials, energy products and foreign products. According to reports, since 1963, the Soviet Union has imported grain every year. At present, one-third of the domestic needs of the Soviet Union vegetable oil, one-tenth of the meat, one-fifth of the animal oil, canned vegetables and fruit, 6% of the dried fruit needs to be imported from abroad. To this end, many Soviet people pointedly pointed out: "