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在数学的推理、演绎、联想等逻辑思维过程中,学生的心理活动应具有可逆性,即能顺利地从正向思维序列转为逆向思维序列,这是衡量学生数学能力的重要标志之一。因此教师应从低年级开始,针对学生的认识特点,有效地进行逆向思维的早期培养与训练。一、在四则运算中,进行逆向思维的训练加法和减法,乘法和除法是一组互逆的运算,在最初的四则运算中,采用多种形式的练习,帮助学生领会加法与减法,乘法与除法的互逆关系。
In the process of logical thinking such as reasoning, deduction and association in mathematics, the students 'psychological activities should be reversible, that is, they should be able to change from positive thought sequence to reverse thinking sequence successfully. This is one of the important indicators to measure students' mathematical abilities. Therefore, teachers should start from the lower grades, according to the characteristics of the students' awareness, the effective training of early thinking and reverse training. First, in the four operations, the reverse thinking of training addition and subtraction, multiplication and division is a set of reciprocal operations, in the first four operations, the use of various forms of practice to help students understand the addition and subtraction, multiplication and The reciprocal relationship of division.