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芝麻从种子播下即有病虫害,所以搞好病虫害防治是芝麻栽培管理中的关键。主要有病毒病、叶斑病、茎点枯病、枯萎病和疫病等。这些病害严重影响芝麻生长,有的具有毁灭性,会造成绝收。病毒病是病毒离子引起发病,借助昆虫(主要是蚜虫)传播,多发生在苗期。症状:矮化、花叶、叶变窄、有黄绿斑点,茎叶畸形扭曲,造成蒴果少甚至无蒴果而减产。减产率同病毒病率、田间有蚜率成正相关。叶枯病和叶斑病都属真菌性病害。症状:叶上出现圆形褐斑,干枯,茎渐变褐色,严重时叶全落,蒴果开裂。高温多雨期为发病高峰期。茎点枯病是中后期的毁灭性病害,是影响产量的关
Sesame seeds are sown from pests and diseases, so do a good job pest control is the key to the cultivation and management of sesame. The main virus disease, leaf spot disease, stem spot blight, blight and blight. These diseases seriously affect the growth of sesame seeds, and some are devastating and can result in absolute failure. Virus disease is caused by the virus ions, with insects (mainly aphids) spread, occurred in the seedling stage. Symptoms: dwarf, mosaic, narrowed leaves, yellowish green spots, distortion of stems and leaves malformations, resulting in less capsule or capsule and less production. Yield reduction rate with the virus, aphids in the field into a positive correlation. Leaf blight and leaf spot are fungal diseases. Symptoms: circular brown spots appear on the leaves, dry, stem brown gradient, serious leaves all fall, the capsule cracking. The hot and rainy period is the peak incidence. Stem spot blight is a devastating disease in the middle and late stages and is the key to affecting yield