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目的了解2009年1月北京地区禽流感应急监测期间人群急性呼吸道感染的病毒病原学情况,探讨应急监测措施的作用,为北京地区急性呼吸道传染病防控策略的制定提供依据。方法采用RT-PCR和实时荧光RT-PCR法,对1 936份甲型流感病毒快检阴性的咽拭子样本进行甲型流感病毒的检测,同时采用多重RT-PCR方法,对400件甲型流感病毒检测阴性的样本同时检测人偏肺病毒、腺病毒、人冠状病毒、副流感病毒、流感病毒、鼻病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒等12种常见呼吸道病毒。结果 1 936份甲型流感快检阴性样本中RT-PCR法和实时荧光RT-PCR法检出甲型流感病毒阳性样本有996份,阳性率为51.45%。400件甲型流感病毒阴性的样本中,检出其他病毒的阳性样本有60份,阳性检出率为15.00%。15岁以下患者阳性检出率最高,为18.60%,其中以呼吸道合胞病毒B(RSVB)的检出阳性率最高,为7.3%。结论 2009年1月禽流感应急监测期间选用的快检试剂敏感性较差,以此作为应急监测的初筛手段有待商榷。甲型流感病毒为调查期间北京地区人群急性呼吸道感染的主要病毒性致病原,15岁以下人群中其他病毒性病原的检出率较高,以RSVB为主。
Objective To understand the viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in the population during the emergency surveillance of avian influenza in Beijing in January 2009 and to explore the role of emergency monitoring measures in prevention and control of acute respiratory infections in Beijing area. Methods RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR methods were used to detect influenza A virus in 1 936 swine swab samples negative for rapid detection of influenza A virus. In addition, Influenza virus test negative samples simultaneously detect human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, human coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and other 12 kinds of common respiratory viruses. Results A total of 996 influenza A (H1N1) positive samples were detected by RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR in 1 936 influenza A negative samples. The positive rate was 51.45%. Of the 400 influenza A negative samples, 60 were positive for other viruses and the positive rate was 15.00%. The highest positive rate was 18.60% in patients under 15 years of age, of which respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB) had the highest positive rate of 7.3%. Conclusion The sensitivity of the fast test reagent used in the emergency monitoring of bird flu in January 2009 is poor. Therefore, it is open to discussion as a preliminary screening measure for emergency monitoring. Influenza A virus is the main viral pathogen of acute respiratory infection in Beijing population during the survey. The detection rate of other viral pathogens in people under 15 years old is higher, mainly RSVB.