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急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ALI/ARDS）是以顽固性低氧血症为特征、严重威胁患者生命的肺部疾病。代谢组学是对生物或细胞内小分子质量代谢物进行定性和定量分析的一门新兴学科，在疾病发生及诊断中的作用受到越来越多的重视。近年来，许多基于代谢组学筛选出的代谢产物被提出可作为潜在的生物标志物，用于评估ALI/ARDS的早期发展及预后，并为新的靶向干预措施提供依据。本文基于代谢组学探讨内源性代谢物在ALI/ARDS发病机制及生物标志物中的作用，并对其在药物治疗中的应用进行综述。“,”Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a life-threatening lung disease characterized by refractory hypoxemia. Metabolomics is an emerging discipline for qualitative and quantitative analysis of small molecular weight metabolites in organisms or cells. Mass attention has been paid to its role in disease diagnosis and treatment. Recently, many metabolites based on metabolomics have been proposed as potential biomarkers for early development and prognosis of ALI/ARDS, and provide insights into new targeted interventions. Based on metabolomics, this article discusses the role of endogenous metabolites in the pathogenesis and biomarkers of ALI/ARDS, and summarizes its application in medical therapy.