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形貌及尺寸规整可控的纳米晶体的合成是目前十分引人注目的纳米材料研究领域.制备合成中的形貌调控及其功能化是这些纳米材料能够得到应用的关键问题.研究者们希望在纳米晶的任一阶段均能实现控制并在期望的阶段停止,从而得到尺寸、形态、结构及组成确定的纳米晶体.本文综述了近年来无机纳米晶体的典型合成路径,深入探讨了纳米晶在成核、生长及熟化阶段的控制原理,研究了液相合成纳米材料过程中晶体结构与生长行为的相关性问题,并总结了几类具有代表性的低维、多维纳米晶体的形成规律和生长机理.探索纳米粒子的调控合成对于纳米材料的规模化生产及应用具有重要的理论价值和指导意义.
The synthesis and synthesis of nanocrystals with controlled morphology and size are the most attractive fields of nanomaterials research nowadays.The researchers hope that the regulation and functionalization of morphologies in preparation and synthesis will be the applications of these nanomaterials The nanocrystal with size, shape, structure and composition can be obtained by controlling at any stage of nanocrystal and stopping at the desired stage.In this paper, the typical synthetic routes of inorganic nanocrystals in recent years are reviewed, In the nucleation, growth and aging stages of the control principle, the liquid phase synthesis of nanomaterials in the process of crystal structure and growth behavior of the correlation problems and summed up the formation of several types of low-dimensional, multi-dimensional nanocrystals and Growth mechanism.Exploration of the regulation and synthesis of nanoparticles has important theoretical value and guiding significance for the large-scale production and application of nanomaterials.