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以20个冬小麦品种为材料进行盆栽试验,对其在低温胁迫条件下功能叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量以及籽粒产量、千粒重和籽粒形态性状进行测定.结果表明:拔节初期麦苗经-4℃低温胁迫后,不同品种冬小麦籽粒形态性状和产量性状均发生变化,绝大多数小麦品种籽粒长宽比、圆度和不育小穗数均增加,籽粒等效直径和面积及千粒重和籽粒产量均下降.通径分析表明,拔节初期低温处理后,功能叶SOD活性和可溶性糖含量是影响籽粒产量的主导因素,其中SOD活性对籽粒产量的直接影响较大,直接通径系数为-0.578.以籽粒产量下降的百分数作为小麦抗冻性评价的标准,可将20个小麦品种划分为3类:强抗冻类型的济麦19、济麦20、良星99、山农1135、山农8355、泰山23、泰山9818、汶农6号和烟农21,弱抗冻类型的临麦2号、潍麦8号、烟农19和淄麦12号,而其余7个品种属中度抗冻类型.苗期综合评价值(D值)与籽粒产量下降的百分数之间呈显著负相关(r=-0.512*),说明小麦苗期抗冻性强有利于获得较高的籽粒产量.苗期是小麦抗冻性鉴别选择的重要时期.
Twenty winter wheat cultivars were potted under the conditions of low temperature stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) MDA, soluble protein, soluble sugar content, grain yield, 1000-grain weight and grain morphological traits were measured.The results showed that seedling morphological traits and yield traits of different wheat varieties changed at low temperature of -4 ℃ after jointing, The grain length and width ratio, roundness and the number of sterile spikelets were increased in most wheat cultivars, and the equivalent diameter and area, grain weight and grain yield decreased.The path analysis showed that after the initial jointing stage, the SOD activity and soluble Sugar content is the dominant factor affecting grain yield, of which SOD activity has a direct impact on grain yield, and the direct path coefficient is -0.578. Taking the percentage decline of grain yield as the criterion for wheat frost resistance evaluation, 20 wheat The cultivars were divided into three groups: Jimai 19, Jimai 20, Liangxing 99, Shannong 1135, Shannong 8355, Taishan 23, Taishan 9818, Wennong 6 and Yannong 21 with strong anti-freeze type, Linmai 2, Weimai 8, Yannong 19 and Zimai 12, while the remaining 7 cultivars were moderately antifreeze type.The comprehensive evaluation value (D value) at seedling stage was significantly negative with the decrease of grain yield (R = -0.512 *), indicating that the frost resistance of wheat seedling is favorable to obtain higher grain yield.The seedling stage is an important period for the identification of wheat frost resistance.