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目的:为了掌握广州市海珠区幼儿园3～6岁儿童血压的现状及影响血压的相关因素,对血压偏高的儿童早期实施有效的干预措施提供依据。方法:采用整群抽样方法,随机抽取海珠区3所幼儿园,对其中所有的3～6岁儿童进行血压测量,并填写统一制定的调查表,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果:3～6岁儿童收缩压平均水平为89.62 mmHg,舒张压平均水平为60.33 mmHg。3～6岁儿童血压呈近似正态分布,血压随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势。男孩与女孩的收缩压和舒张压均无统计学差异。儿童血压异常的检出率是6.0%,其中男童检出率是7.0%,女童检出率是4.0%,男童高于女童,男女童血压异常的检出率差异无统计学意义。对收缩压作用显著的影响因素为年龄、臀围、身高、腰围。对舒张压作用显著的影响因素为年龄、臀围、体重。结论:儿童血压随着年龄的增长呈上升趋势,儿童的自身发育、肥胖与儿童血压异常密切相关。高血压的预防应从儿童时期开始。
Objective: To understand the present situation of blood pressure and the factors that affect blood pressure in children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in kindergarten of Haizhu District, Guangzhou City, and to provide basis for early effective intervention in children with high blood pressure. Methods: By cluster sampling method, three kindergartens in Haizhu District were randomly selected to measure the blood pressure of all 3 ~ 6 years old children. The survey questionnaire was prepared and SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The average systolic blood pressure was 89.62 mmHg and the average diastolic blood pressure was 60.33 mmHg in children aged 3 ~ 6 years. Blood pressure in children aged 3 to 6 was approximately normal distribution, blood pressure increased with age. There was no significant difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between boys and girls. The detection rate of abnormal blood pressure in children was 6.0%. Among them, the detection rate of boys was 7.0%, the detection rate of girls was 4.0%, and that of boys was higher than that of girls. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of blood pressure among boys and girls. Significant impact on systolic blood pressure were age, hip circumference, height, waist circumference. The significant influencing factors on diastolic blood pressure were age, hip circumference and weight. Conclusion: The blood pressure of children increases with the growth of children. The development of children and obesity are closely related to the abnormal blood pressure of children. Prevention of high blood pressure should be from childhood.