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目的了解顺德地区人群中EB病毒的流行状况及EB病毒感染的影响因素。方法于2015年4~6月对顺德地区大良、陈村、杏坛三个镇17 727名居民进行问卷调查,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测EB病毒核心抗体IgA(NA1-IgA)、EB病毒衣壳抗体IgA(VCA-IgA)水平。采用非条件Logistic回归探讨EB病毒感染的影响因素。结果共计纳入17 581人。EB病毒NA1-IgA、VCA-IgA阳性率分别为3.23%和6.76%。EB病毒感染率为9.49%。男性的EB病毒感染风险高于女性,OR值为1.15(95%CI=1.04~1.28);与<40岁年龄组比较,40~49岁年龄组感染风险降低(OR=0.86;95%CI=0.73~1.01),而50岁以后随年龄增长,感染风险增加;与小学及以下文化程度者相比,文化程度高者感染风险降低;吸烟者与非吸烟者相比,其感染风险增高(OR=1.19;95%CI=1.01~1.39)。结论顺德地区男性EB病毒感染风险高于女性,年龄与EB病毒感染风险呈“V”型关系,高文化程度是EB病毒感染的保护因素,吸烟可能是EB病毒感染的危险因素。
Objective To understand the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (Epstein-Barr virus) and the influencing factors of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in the population of Shunde. Methods From April to June 2015, 17 727 residents in three towns of Daliang, Chencun and Xingtan in Shunde were surveyed by ELISA. The serum levels of IgA (NA1-IgA) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Shell antibody IgA (VCA-IgA) levels. Non-conditional logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of Epstein-Barr virus infection. A total of 17 581 people were included in the results. The positive rates of Epstein-Barr virus NA1-IgA and VCA-IgA were 3.23% and 6.76% respectively. Epstein-Barr virus infection rate was 9.49%. The risk of Epstein-Barr virus infection in men was higher than that in women (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.04-1.28). The risk of infection in 40-49 age group was lower than that in <40 years old group (OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.73 to 1.01). However, the risk of infection increased with age after the age of 50, and the risk of infection was lower among those with a higher education level than those with primary education and below. The risk of infection was higher in smokers than in non-smokers = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.01 ~ 1.39). Conclusion The risk of Epstein-Barr virus infection in male is higher than that in female in Shunde. The age is related to the risk of Epstein-Barr virus infection. High educational level is the protective factor of EB virus infection. Smoking may be the risk factor for Epstein-Barr virus infection.