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马蹄莲,性喜温暖、湿润的环境条件,不耐寒,忌干旱,宜生长在肥沃、疏松的微酸性(pH5.5—7)土壤中。在一般栽培条件下,马蹄莲每年3—4月和8—9月开花,要使其四季有花,克服夏季的高温、低湿和冬季的低温、高湿条件,是主要管理环节。为了延长马蹄莲的花期,笔者根据马蹄莲对环境条件的要求,利用塑料大棚栽培,夏季在棚顶外平展SZW-12冷凉纱,冬季采取保温和适当降低湿度等措施,取得了良好的效果。棚内月均气温仅1月份低于10℃,其余月份均在10—25℃。棚内相对湿度3—10月份为80—90％。夏季使用冷凉纱,注意晴天盖,阴、雨天揭。夏季晴天棚内气温可降低3.7—4.3℃,相对湿度增加22—27％,达83—86％,光照强度减为棚外的1/2—1/3。夏天中午最高温出现阶段,需在顶膜外每隔10—20分钟喷一次地下水或在棚内向叶片喷地下水。冬季大棚内可于晚上加温、降湿,白天适时适量通风降湿。采取以上栽培措施,不仅使马蹄莲月月有花,盛花期延长,而且花大色艳,茎粗直,质量提高,1992年切花上品率达到95％。
Calla, sexual hi warm, moist environmental conditions, not cold, avoid drought, should grow in the fertile, loose slightly acidic (pH5.5-7) soil. Under normal cultivation conditions, the calla flowers bloom from March to April and from August to September each year. To make them flowering in all seasons, it is the key management link to overcome the high temperature and low humidity in summer and the low temperature and high humidity in winter. In order to prolong the flowering period of calla, the author made good use of the environmental requirements of the calla by planting plastic sheds, spreading SZW-12 cold-blooming yarn outside the roof during the summer season, keeping the temperature in winter and appropriately reducing the humidity, etc. . The monthly mean temperature in the shed was only below 10 ℃ in January and the rest of the month was at 10-25 ℃. Relative humidity within the shed from March to October 80-90%. Summer use cold gauze, pay attention to sunny cover, overcast, rainy days expose. Summer sunny weather shed temperature can be reduced 3.7-4.3 ℃, relative humidity increased 22-27%, up to 83-86%, light intensity reduced to shed 1 / 2-1 / 3. At noon in summer the highest temperature appears in the stage, need to spray every 10-20 minutes outside the apical membrane of groundwater or in the shed to the leaves spray groundwater. Winter greenhouse can be heated at night, dehumidification, ventilation and dehumidification appropriate amount of daytime. Take the above cultivation measures, not only to spend calla lily month, full bloom flowering period, and spend large color Yan, stem thick, quality, cut flowers in 1992 reached 95%.