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通过盆栽试验研究鸡粪和奶牛粪对小麦和油菜光合速率及蒸腾速率的影响。结果表明：鸡粪和奶牛粪对小麦叶片的光合速率的影响，因小麦生育时期的不同而异。苗期和孕穗期单叶光合速率提高；而其余生长期，施肥效果不明显。鸡粪处理（７５ｔ／ｈｍ２）可提高小麦水分利用系数９．８％～８１．３％；而奶牛粪肥，在孕穗前增加小麦水分利用效率９．４％～５０％，而后则有降低水分效率之趋势。两种粪肥均可提高油菜的单叶光合速率，各种肥料的效果因生育期和施肥量的不同而有差异。越冬前各施肥处理均增加了油菜的蒸腾速率，降低水分效率１．５％～２２．２％；越冬后，奶牛粪肥处理提高了蒸腾速率，而鸡粪则降低了油菜的蒸腾作用，各施肥处理均可提高油菜的水分效率，鸡粪为４．３％～２７１％，奶牛粪为１．９％～８３．９％．
Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of chicken manure and cow dung on the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of wheat and rape. The results showed that the effects of chicken manure and cow dung on the photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves varied with the growth period of wheat. The photosynthetic rate of single leaf increased at seedling and booting stages, while the effect of fertilization was not obvious in other growth stages. Chicken manure treatment (75t / hm2) increased wheat water use efficiency by 9.8% ~ 81.3%, while cow manure increased wheat water use efficiency by 9.4% ~ 50% before booting, and then decreased water efficiency The trend. Both manure can improve the leaf photosynthetic rate of rapeseed, the effect of various fertilizers due to different growth stages and fertilizers are different. Fertilization before winter increased the transpiration rate of rapeseed, reducing the water efficiency of 1.5% to 22.2%; after the winter cow manure treatment increased transpiration rate, while chicken manure reduced transpiration of rape, the fertilization Treatment can improve the water efficiency of rape, chicken manure 4.3% ~ 271%, cow dung 1.9% to 83.9%.