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已占中国经济主导地位的服务业,其内部消费性和生产性的结构有待优化.通过服务业的供给侧结构性改革,推进先进制造业和现代服务业的深度融合,促进形成强大国内市场,是中国跨越中等收入陷阱的关键之举.选取45个非石油出口型经济体1950-2010年的数据,刻画世界服务业结构的典型事实,并将其中跨越中等收入陷阱的亚洲经济体与陷入陷阱的拉美经济体作为典型进行比较,进而构建包含消费性服务业、生产性服务业和人力资本供给的匹配模型,揭示了服务业结构升级视角下的中等收入陷阱形成机理和跨越条件.大力发展生产性服务业,提升公共服务业对培育积累人力资本数量与质量的供给,实现高层次人力资本与知识密集型服务业的匹配效应,将推动中国经济结构转型升级,迈向高质量发展.“,”The internal consumption and production structure of the service industry that now dominates the Chinese economy needs to be optimized.Introducing supply-side structural reform to improve the in-depth integration of advanced manufacturing and the modern service industry and promoting a strong domestic market is the key to escaping the middle income trap.We use 1950-2010 data from 45 non-oil-exporting economies representing the structural evolution of the service industry worldwide to compare Asian economies that have passed through the middle income trap with Latin American counterparts that remain stuck in the trap,and thence proceed to construct a matched model that covers the consumption and production service industries and their supply of human capital,with the aim of identifying the formative mechanisms and conditions for escaping the middle income trap through upgrading the structure of the service industry.Substantially developing the production service sector,raising the supply of public services so as to cultivate the quantity and quality of human capital,and matching senior-level human capital with knowledge-intensive service industries will propel the upgrading and transformation of China's economic structure toward high-quality development.