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目的分析2008-2014年宿迁市手足口病流行趋势及其病原学变化特点,为手足口病防控提供科学依据和策略。方法利用中国疾病预防控制信息系统,采用描述性流行病学方法对宿迁市2008-2014年手足口病疫情监测数据进行统计分析,采用荧光定量RT-PCR方法对部分手足口病例进行肠道病毒核酸检测。结果宿迁市2008-2014年共报告手足口病36149例,年均发病率118.46/10万;其中重症477例,死亡6例;发病具有明显的季节性特点,高峰为4-6月;全市各县区均有发病,宿豫区、宿城区和泗洪县发病率较高,且重症率较高;男女性别比为1.76∶1,5岁以下儿童发病占96.77%,散居儿童占91.02%;重症及死亡病例主要以散居儿童中3岁及以下儿童高发。病原学监测结果显示,普通病例以肠道病毒71型(EV71)(39.98%)和柯萨奇病毒A16型(Cox A16)(31.12%)共同主导流行,重症及死亡病例中EV71比例(78.64%)明显高于普通病例,且差异有统计学意义(χ2=109.62,P=0.00)。结论宿迁市手足口病在全市广泛流行,具有明显的季节性特征和地区、性别、年龄差异,当前应着重加强5岁及以下散居儿童健康教育和托幼机构聚集性疫情的监测力度,同时提高医疗机构对手足口病重症病例的诊断及救治能力。
Objective To analyze the epidemic trend of hand, foot and mouth disease in Suqian City from 2008 to 2014 and its etiological characteristics, and to provide a scientific basis and strategy for prevention and control of hand, foot and mouth disease. Methods The epidemiological data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Suqian City from 2008 to 2014 were analyzed by using the information system of Chinese disease prevention and control. The epidemiological data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Suqian City were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method. Detection. Results A total of 36,149 HFMD cases were reported in Suqian City from 2008 to 2014, with an average annual incidence rate of 118.46 / 100,000; of which 477 were severe and 6 were fatal; the incidence was markedly seasonal with a peak from April to June; The incidence in Suqian, Sucheng and Sihong was higher and the rate of severe diseases was higher. The ratio of male to female was 1.76:1. The incidence of children under the age of 5 accounted for 96.77% and that of scattered children was 91.02%. Severe and fatal cases are predominantly children of children aged 3 years and under who are scattered among the diaspora. The results of etiological surveillance showed that the prevalence of common EV71 cases (78.64%) was common in EV71 (39.98%) and Cox A16 (31.12%) cases, ) Was significantly higher than the common cases, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 109.62, P = 0.00). Conclusion Hand-foot-mouth disease in Suqian City is widely prevalent in the city with obvious seasonal characteristics and regional, gender and age differences. At present, emphasis should be placed on strengthening the surveillance of health education and nurseries clustered in children aged 5 years and below, Diagnosis and treatment of severe cases of foot-mouth disease in medical institutions.