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目的为了解大连地区造船企业噪声的检测合格情况和危害程度,为造船行业噪声的防控提供科学依据。方法对2003~2013年大连地区造船企业噪声的检测结果进行综合分析。结果 2003~2013年间大连地区造船企业的噪声检测点266个,合格率50.75%。2003~2007年与2008~2013年检测的噪声合格率分别为53.44%和44.16%(P>0.05)。近11年来,连续噪声的危害程度以轻、中度危害为主。其中,抛丸、三面刨、碳弧气刨、截锯、气锤、风机、柴油机、预处理的超标率均为100.00%,打磨的超标率为69.47%。碳弧气刨危害程度为极重度,截锯为重度,抛丸、三面刨、汽锤、柴油机、预处理、火工校正为中度危害。结论相关部门应加强对造船行业噪声超标率高和危害程度较重的岗位的职业卫生管理,采用工程防护措施减震降噪,并做好噪声作业人员的个人防护,从而降低噪声危害,保障劳动者的健康。
Objective To understand the detection and hazard degree of noise in shipbuilding enterprises in Dalian and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of noise in the shipbuilding industry. Methods A comprehensive analysis of the noise of shipbuilding enterprises in Dalian area from 2003 to 2013 was conducted. Results During the period of 2003 to 2013, 266 noise detection points were found in shipbuilding enterprises in Dalian, with a passing rate of 50.75%. The noise passing rates from 2003 to 2007 and from 2008 to 2013 were 53.44% and 44.16% respectively (P> 0.05). In the past 11 years, the severity of continuous noise has been dominated by light and moderate damages. Among them, shot blasting, three-plane planing, carbon arc gouging, cut saws, hammer, fan, diesel engine, pre-treatment exceeded the rate of 100.00%, polished excessive rate was 69.47%. Carbon arc gouging hazards for the extremely severe, cut saws for heavy, shot blasting, three planes, steam hammer, diesel engine, pretreatment, fire correction to moderate harm. Conclusion Relevant departments should strengthen the occupational health management of posts with high noise and high hazard levels in the shipbuilding industry, adopt engineering protection measures to reduce noise and reduce noise, and improve the personal protection of noise workers so as to reduce noise hazards and ensure labor The health of the people.