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目的:研究双侧激素性股骨头坏死患者一侧行全髋关节置换术(THA)后双下肢不等长(LLD)对对侧股骨头塌陷的影响。方法:选取2014年6月至2016年6月在西安交通大学附属红会医院就诊的108例患双侧激素性股骨头坏死的患者，对其有症状且已发展至国际骨微循环研究协会(ARCO)Ⅲ期的髋关节行THA手术。同时对其对侧发展至ARCOⅡ期未塌陷侧股骨头进行非手术保髋治疗，随访2年，最终纳入98例。根据双下肢不等长的大小[LLD<3 mm组(n n＝50)，LLD≥3 mm组(n n＝48)]与双下肢不等长的类型[未塌陷侧较长组(n n＝58)，未塌陷侧较短组(n n＝40)]观察未塌陷侧股骨头塌陷和行THA情况，进行归纳分析。n 结果:最终共56例未塌陷侧髋出现股骨头塌陷，其中有50例在24个月内行THA手术。LLD<3 mm组与LLD≥3 mm组，未塌陷侧较长组及未塌陷侧较短组在股骨头塌陷与THA方面差异有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。LLD<3 mm组与LLD≥3 mm组2年无塌陷的生存率分别为52.1%和34.0%，未塌陷侧肢体较长和较短组2年的生存率分别为56.9%和22.5%。与中等病变范围患者相比，较大病变范围患者股骨头生存率更低(n OR：4.25，95% n CI：1.55～11.26；n P＝0.003)。LLD<3 mm组(n OR：0.24，95% n CI：0.06～0.50；n P<0.01)或未塌陷侧较长组(n OR：0.13，95% n CI：0.04～0.29；n P<0.01)的患者THA后对侧股骨头塌陷的风险更小。n 结论:对于已塌陷侧行THA的双侧激素性股骨头坏死患者来说，术后双下肢不等长对未塌陷侧股骨头塌陷是一个潜在的风险因素。LLD<3 mm和避免未塌陷侧肢体短缩可能会降低未塌陷侧股骨头塌陷的风险。“,”Objective:To study the collapse of the contralateral femoral head after the total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with bilateral steroid-induced femoral head necrosis leg-length discrepancy (LLD) influences.Methods:A total of 108 patients with bilateral steroid-induced femoral head necrosis who were treated in Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi′an Jiaotong University from June 2014 to June 2016 underwent THA surgery on the hip joints that had symptoms and developed to Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) Ⅲ. At the same time, the non-surgical hip-preserving treatment of the non-collapsed femoral head developed to the ARCO Ⅱ stage was performed. The follow-up period was 2 years, and 98 cases were finally included. According to the size of the leg-length discrepancy [LLD<3 mm group (n n=50), LLD≥3 mm group (n n=48)] and the type of leg-length discrepancy[non collapse side longer group (n n=58) and shorter group (n n=58)], the collapse of the femoral head and the THA were observed.n Results:Finally, a total of 56 cases of femoral head collapse occurred in the non collapse side of the hip, of which 50 cases underwent THA within 24 months. There were significant statistical differences in THA and femoral head collapse between LLD<3 mm group and LLD≥3 mm group, non collapse side longer group and non collapse side shorter group (n P<0.05). The 2-year survival rate without collapse in the LLD<3 mm group and LLD≥3 mm group were 52.1% and 34.0%, respectively, and the 2-year survival rates in the longer and shorter non-collapsed limb groups were 56.9% and 22.5%, respectively. Compared with patients with moderate lesions, the survival rate of femoral heads in patients with larger lesions was lower (n OR: 4.25, 95% n CI: 1.55-11.26; n P=0.003). LLD<3 mm group (n OR: 0.24, 95% n CI: 0.06-0.50; n P<0.01) or non collapse side longer group (n OR: 0.13, 95% n CI: 0.04-0.29; n P<0.01) had lower risk of contralateral femoral head collapse after THA.n Conclusions:For patients with bilateral steroid-induced femoral head necrosis who have collapsed lateral THA, postoperative leg-length discrepancy extremities is a potential risk factor for collapse of non-collapsed femoral head. LLD<3 mm and avoiding shortening of the uncollapsed limb may reduce the risk of collapse of the uncollapsed femoral head.