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目的了解2015年东莞市某镇0~7岁儿童第一类疫苗及部分第二类疫苗的接种情况。方法按1∶5比例随机抽取全镇2 268名儿童的疫苗接种档案,分析本地和外地户籍儿童第一类疫苗接种率和在不同年龄内的接种完成率、部分第二类疫苗的接种率和对第一类疫苗的替代率。结果本地和外地儿童11种第一类疫苗接种率分别在86.12%~96.89%、83.72%~96.18%之间,各疫苗接种率在本地与外地儿童之间均无显著性差异。0~1岁、2~3岁、4~5岁、6~7岁儿童第一类疫苗接种完成率分别为93.85%、86.61%、73.94%、68.60%,呈逐渐下降趋势。本地儿童的b型流感嗜血杆菌疫苗、水痘疫苗接种率(69.37%、65.72%)显著高于外地儿童(56.88%、55.06%)。本地儿童的自费乙型肝炎疫苗、灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗、A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖结合疫苗、灭活甲型肝炎疫苗的替代率(32.68%、40.59%、22.82%、26.14%)显著高于外地儿童(23.41%、30.77%、16.41%、19.66%)。结论该镇小年龄儿童第一类疫苗接种率较高;儿童第二类疫苗接种率偏低。需进一步加强大龄儿童的第一类疫苗预防接种,促进儿童第二类疫苗的预防接种。
Objective To understand the vaccination status of the first type vaccines and the second type vaccines of 0-7 years old children in a town of Dongguan in 2015. Methods The vaccination records of 2 268 children in the town were randomly selected according to the ratio of 1: 5. The vaccination rates of the first class of local and foreign registered children and the vaccination rate at different ages were analyzed. The vaccination rates of some second class vaccines and The rate of substitution for the first type of vaccine. Results The vaccination rates of 11 first-class vaccines of local and foreign children ranged from 86.12% to 96.89% and from 83.72% to 96.18%, respectively. There was no significant difference in vaccination rates between local and foreign children. The completion rates of the first vaccination of children aged 0-1, 2-3, 4-5 and 6-7 years were 93.85%, 86.61%, 73.94% and 68.60%, respectively, showing a gradual downward trend. The local children’s Haemophilus influenzae b vaccine and varicella vaccination rate (69.37%, 65.72%) were significantly higher than those in other places (56.88%, 55.06%). The rates of substitution (32.68%, 40.59%, 22.82%, 26.14%) of local children’s self-pay hepatitis B vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, group A, group C meningococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine and inactivated hepatitis A vaccine were significantly Higher than children in the field (23.41%, 30.77%, 16.41%, 19.66%). Conclusions The vaccination rate of the first group of children in the town is relatively high while the vaccination rate of the second group of children is low. It is necessary to further strengthen the vaccination of the first type of vaccine for older children and promote the vaccination of the second type of vaccine against children.