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在新疆典型干旱、半干旱地区,通过玉米自交系的14个主要产量性状对干旱胁迫的响应特征进行分析,用主成分分析法筛选其抗旱性的主要鉴定指标,并采用抗旱系数和抗旱指数对自交系的抗旱性进行聚类分析,综合评价47份自交系的抗旱性。结果显示:(1)干旱导致玉米自交系株高、穗位高、叶绿素含量降低,果穗短小,秃尖增大,穗行数和行粒数减小,千粒重和穗粒重降低,最终造成产量下降。(2)各自交系抗旱性强弱与干旱条件下的穗粒重、穗粗、行粒数、千粒重、株高、穗位高、穗长、秃尖长、穗行数、叶绿素含量等性状具有较密切的关系,其中抗旱性表现较好的自交系是掖52106、英64、478等,其次是Mo17Ht、Mo17、丹340、郑58、X178、C103等。研究表明,在育种实践中,田间自交系抗旱性筛选应以穗粒重、穗粗、行粒数、千粒重、株高、穗位高、穗长、秃尖长、穗行数、叶绿素含量等为主要指标,并结合产量抗旱系数、抗旱指数对自交系抗旱性进行综合评价。
In the typical arid and semi-arid areas in Xinjiang, the response characteristics of 14 main yield traits to drought stress in maize inbred lines were analyzed, and the main identification indexes of drought resistance were screened by principal component analysis. The drought resistance index and drought resistance index The drought resistance of inbred lines were analyzed by cluster analysis to evaluate the drought resistance of 47 inbred lines. The results showed as follows: (1) Drought caused the plant height, ear height and chlorophyll content of maize inbred lines to decrease, short ear, bald tip, ear number and row grain number decreased, thousand grain weight and ear grain weight finally decreased Production decline. (2) The traits of drought resistance and drought resistance of each inbred lines were as follows: ear weight, ear diameter, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, plant height, ear height, ear length, bald length, ear number, chlorophyll content The inbred lines with better drought resistance performance were Y23106 and Y64478, followed by Mo17Ht, Mo17, Dan 340, Zheng58, X178 and C103. The results showed that in the breeding practice, the field drought resistance screening of inbred lines should be based on the grain weight, ear diameter, grain number, grain weight, plant height, ear height, ear length, bald length, ear number, chlorophyll content As the main index, combined with yield drought resistance index, drought resistance index of inbred lines drought resistance comprehensive evaluation.