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本文遵循同一级河型采用同一标准的分类方法,以河床边界组成作为河型第一级分类指标,将天然河型分为冲积河床、半冲积河床与非冲积河床。以形态作为第二级分类指标,把冲积河床分为顺直微弯、弯曲、分汉与散乱四个亚类。半冲积河床分为顺直微弯、弯曲、分汉三个亚类。非冲积河床分为顺直、弯曲、深切河曲与分汉四个亚类。以稳定性作为第三级分类指标,将冲积河床分为不稳定顺直、稳定微弯、稳定弯曲、自由弯曲、稳定分汉、不稳定分汉、游荡、滩槽游荡八种。半冲积与非冲积河床较为稳定,无需进行第三级分类。本文给出各类河床的边界组成、河床地貌和河床与河岸的相对可动性等定性指标,阐明了各类河床的成因与分布规律,本分类法能概括天然河型的成因、形态与演变。
This paper follows the same class of classification method of the same level of river type, taking the riverbed boundary composition as the first-level classification index of river type, dividing the natural river type into alluvial riverbed, semi-alluvial riverbed and non-alluvial riverbed. Taking the morphology as the second-level classification index, the alluvial riverbed is divided into four sub-categories: straight bend, bend, sub-Han and scattered. Semi-alluvial riverbed is divided into straight bend, bend, sub-Han three sub-categories. Non-alluvial riverbed is divided into straight, curved, deep river song and sub-Han four sub-categories. Taking stability as the third-level classification index, the alluvial riverbed is divided into unstable and straight, stable micro-bend, stable bending, free bending, stable sub-Han, unstable sub-Han, wandering, wandering eight. Semi-alluvial and non-alluvial river bed is more stable, without the need for the third level classification. In this paper, qualitative indicators such as the boundary composition, riverbed landform and the relative mobility between riverbed and riverbed are given, and the origin and distribution of various types of riverbed are clarified. The classification of this riverbed can be summarized as follows: the origin, form and evolution of natural riverbed .