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本文认为,汉藏语研究目前存在四个“困惑”。一是怎样正确估计和认识汉藏语的复杂性。过去由于对汉藏语研究的复杂性估计不足,容易用一些既有的认识或定律去对付汉藏语。汉藏语的复杂性究竟是什么,哪些是主要的,哪些是次要的,哪些是人类语言的共性,哪些是汉藏语的个性,都需要认真理一理。二是怎样摆好印欧语历史比较语言学的经验和汉藏语研究的关系。对印欧语比较语言学的优秀成果,必须虚心学习、认真借鉴,但在汉藏语研究的具体实践中,要有创新意识,努力去建立适合汉藏语特点的理论和方法。三是怎样处理好近程研究与远程研究的关系。这两种研究各有作用,都要做,但要把重点放在近程研究上。四是怎样摆好语音研究与语法、词汇研究的关系。通过寻求同源词的语音对应规律构拟原始共同语,是汉藏语研究的一个重要内容,但就汉藏语的总体研究来说,还应该重视语法研究和词汇研究。随着汉藏语研究的不断深入,语法、词汇的研究越来越显示出其重要性。汉藏语研究的前景是美妙的:一是汉藏语研究对语言学研究将不断做出新的重要贡献,必将建立起一套不完全同于印欧语的理论和方法。二是汉藏语的共时描写研究将会在这一世纪得到大发展,将会造就出一批在单一语言描写研究上有深厚功底的、有实际本领的汉藏语言学家。三是多角度、多方法将是今后汉藏语研究的主流。四是有必要重温李方桂先生关于汉藏语研究的思想。李先生在《藏汉语比较法》这篇在汉藏语研究史上具有划时代意义的文献中,精辟地阐述了汉藏语的比较研究方法,提出了“博而能精”“尤其是要实地收集材料”“把各小支系的系统都弄清楚;而暂不去作大规模空泛的比较”等理念,必然会更广泛地受到汉藏语语言学家的重视。
This paper argues that there are currently four “puzzles” in the study of Sino-Tibetan language. First, how to correctly estimate and recognize the complexity of Sino-Tibetan language. In the past, due to a lack of estimation of the complexity of the study of Sino-Tibetan language, it is easy to deal with Sino-Tibetan language with some existing understanding or law. What are the main complexities, the minorities, the commonalities of human languages and the individualities of the Sino-Tibetan languages in the complexities of Sino-Tibetan language, all need to be treated with the utmost care. The second is how to put the history of Indo-European comparative linguistics experience and the Sino-Tibetan language research. To compare outstanding achievements of Indo-European linguistics, we must learn with an open mind and conscientiously draw lessons from it. However, in the concrete practice of Sino-Tibetan studies, we must have innovative awareness and strive to establish theories and methods that are suitable for the characteristics of Sino-Tibetan language. Third, how to deal with the short-range research and the relationship between remote research. Both of these studies have their own respective roles, all of which must be done, but focus on short-range research. The fourth is how to put the relationship between phonetic research and grammar and vocabulary research. It is an important part of the study of Sino-Tibetan language to seek for the original common language by seeking the phonetic correspondence law of cognate words. However, for the overall study of Chinese-Tibetan language, we should also pay attention to the study of grammar and vocabulary. With the deepening of Sino-Tibetan studies, the study of grammar and vocabulary has increasingly shown its importance. The prospect of Sino-Tibetan study is wonderful: First, Sino-Tibetan study will continue to make new important contributions to linguistic studies and will certainly establish a set of theories and methods that are not exactly the same as those of Indo-European languages. Second, the synchronic description of Sino-Tibetan languages will be greatly expanded in this century and will bring together a group of Chinese-Tibetan linguists with practical skills in the research of single-language description. Third, multi-angle, multi-method will be the mainstream of Sino-Tibetan study in the future. Fourth, it is necessary to review Li Fanggui’s thinking on Sino-Tibetan language studies. In the article “Comparative Law between Tibetan and Chinese”, which has epoch-making significance in the history of Sino-Tibetan studies, Li elaborates on a comparative study of Chinese and Tibetan languages and proposes “Bo and Neng Jing” It is bound to be more widely accepted by Chinese-Tibetan linguists for the purpose of collecting materials on the spot to make the systems of all minor branches clear; but not to make large-scale comparison at a glance.