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山西省出生缺陷危险因素的流行病学调查研究山西省妇幼保健院（０３００１３）严宗哲，饶惠玲，鞠超英，赵艳萍太谷县人民医院张印堂晋中地区人民医院孟昭英出生缺陷（ＢｉｒｔｈＤｅｆｅｃｔ，下简称ＢＤ）系指出生时发现人类胚胎（胎儿）在形态结构和功能（代谢）方面的异常。如提高人口素质，本文从出生缺陷的人群分布特点及孕期有害因素两方面着手进行了调查分析。对象与方法１．在全省选定省、地（市）、县级医院２６所作为监测点，覆盖全省十个地、市。自１９８６年１０月至１９８７年９月，孕２８周以上住院分娩的产妇及围产儿作为监测对象。采用医院整体抽样，畸形儿用１：１对照法进行研究。２．质量控制：统一表格，统一培训，统一标准。三级审核，每日汇总，并进行了两次质量检查。结果共监测产妇３０７８０例，围产儿３１０７８，检出ＢＤ儿６４０例，ＢＤ发生率为２０５．９３／万。居全国首位。新生儿漏报率为０．２９％，畸形儿无漏报。一、出生缺陷的人群分布特点：１．城乡ＢＤ发生率：城市ＢＤ发生率为１５０．３４／万（３１５／２０９５３），乡村为３２０．３８／万（３２４／１０１１４），经统计学处理（Ｐ＜０．００１），有高度显著性差异，农村发生率显著高于城市，ＲＲ值（
Epidemiological Investigation of Risk Factors for Birth Defects in Shanxi Province Shanxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital (030013) Yan Zongzhe, Rao Huiling, Ju Chaoying, Zhao Yanping People’s Hospital of Taigu County Zhang Yin Tang Meng Zhaoying People’s Hospital of Jinzhong District Birth Defect (BD) It refers to the abnormalities in morphology and function (metabolism) of human embryos (fetuses) found at birth. In order to improve the quality of the population, this paper investigates and analyzes the distribution characteristics of people with birth defects and the harmful factors during pregnancy. Objects and methods 1. In the province selected provinces, prefectures (cities), county-level hospitals as a monitoring point 26, covering the province’s ten prefectures and cities. From October 1986 to September 1987, maternal and perinatal children who were hospitalized and delivered more than 28 weeks of gestation were monitored. The hospital overall sampling, deformed children with 1: 1 control study. 2. Quality Control: Uniform forms, unified training, uniform standards. Three levels of audit, daily summary, and conducted two quality inspections. Results A total of 30,080 maternal and perinatal infants were monitored. There were 640 cases of BD children detected, and the incidence of BD was 205.93 / million. Ranking first in the country. Newborns false negative rate of 0.29%, deformed children without omission. First, the birth defects of the population distribution characteristics: 1. The incidence of BD in urban and rural areas: the incidence of urban BD was 150.34 / (315/20953), the rural area was 320.38 / (324/10114), statistically significant (P <0.001), highly significant Differences, rural incidence was significantly higher than the city, RR (