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目的了解高原球形和三角形破片分别击中猪后肢软组织的创伤弹道学特点。方法在高原和平原,以53式滑膛枪分别发射1.03g钢球(射距20m)和0.37g三角形破片(射距10m),射击猪(15~25kg)后肢肌肉丰满处,避免伤及股骨及大血管,测定投射物初速和终点速度。伤后6小时测量伤道出、入口面积以及琥珀酸脱氢酶、ATP酶活性测定、永久伤道容积;切取距伤道壁0.5 cm、1.5 cm处肌组织进行显微病理观察;按照“4C”法判定伤道失活组织后行手术清创,测定切除坏死组织量。按照前述生物实验的致伤方法,分别在高原和平原射击密度与猪肌肉组织相似的肥皂块,观察空腔大小。结果高原破片终点速度较平原快,高原组伤道的出入口面积、伤道容积、伤道长度比值、切除坏死组织以及破碎肌组织的比例均大于平原组,高原球形和三角形破片伤组伤道肌纤维断裂和变性的程度均较平原组重,肌组织琥珀酸脱氢酶和ATP酶的活性下降,分别为平原组的26.86%和55.77%。高原射击肥皂空腔容积大于平原。结论高原破片伤的损伤程度较平原重,这与高原空气密度低,破片飞行阻力小,破片飞行速度较平原快,击中组织的瞬时空腔大等有关。
Objective To understand the traumatic and ballistic characteristics of hind-limb soft tissue in the plateau and triangular fragments respectively. Methods In the plateau and plains, the pellets of hind limbs of pigs (15 ~ 25kg) were shot with 1.03g steel balls (shot length 20m) and 0.37g triangular fragments (shot length 10m) Large blood vessels, measuring projectile velocity and initial velocity. At 6 hours after injury, the wound area, entrance area, succinate dehydrogenase and ATPase activity were measured, and the volume of permanent wounds was measured. Microscopic examination of the muscle tissue at 0.5 cm and 1.5 cm away from the injured wall was performed. Determine the law of deactivation of the wounds after surgical debridement, determination of the amount of necrotic tissue removed. According to the aforementioned biological experiment of wounding method, respectively, in the plateau and plain shooting density similar to the pig muscle tissue soap block, observe the size of the cavity. Results The end point speed of plateau fragments was faster than that of the plain. The entrance area, the volume of wounds, the ratio of injured path length, the ratio of excised necrotic tissue and the broken muscle tissue in the plateau group were all greater than those in plain group, plateau spherical and triangular fragment group The degree of rupture and degeneration were heavier than that of the plain group, while the activities of succinate dehydratase and ATPase of the muscle tissue were decreased by 26.86% and 55.77% respectively. Plateau shot soap cavity volume is greater than the plain. Conclusion The damage of plateau injury in the plateau is heavier than that in the plain, which is related to the low density of air in the plateau, the small flight resistance of the fragment and the faster flying speed of the fragment than that of the plain and the instantaneous cavity hitting the tissue.