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(一)前言(1×2)(58)在机械制造工业中,铸件占全部机件重量的很大比重。在国外,铸件约占全部零件重量的70%左右,铸造工作量占全部工作量的20～30%,在六十年代末期根据美国、苏联、日本、西德、英国等八个国家的不完善统计,铸件年产量达到6000万吨。其中灰铸铁件4440万吨,球墨铸铁件280万吨,可锻铸铁件190万吨,铸钢件780万吨,铝铸件160万吨,其他有色金属铸件150万吨。1973年世界铸件总产量为7700万吨,其中苏联生产铸件2300万吨,占世界产量的30%,美国生产铸件1990万吨,日本为710万吨,西德530万吨,英国440万吨,法国300万吨。
(一) Preface (1 × 2) (58) In the machinery manufacturing industry, castings account for a large proportion of the weight of all parts. In foreign countries, the castings account for about 70% of the total weight of the parts and the casting work accounts for 20% to 30% of the total workload. In the late 1960s, according to imperfections in eight countries such as the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, West Germany and the United Kingdom Statistics, casting annual output reached 60 million tons. Among them, 44.4 million tons of gray cast iron, 2.8 million tons of ductile iron, 1.9 million tons of malleable cast iron, 7.8 million tons of steel castings, 1.6 million tons of aluminum castings and 1.5 million tons of other non-ferrous metal castings. In 1973, the world’s total castings production was 77 million tons, including 23 million tons of castings in the Soviet Union, 30% of world production, 19.9 million tons of castings in the United States, 7.1 million tons in Japan, 5.3 million tons in West Germany and 4.4 million tons in Britain. France 3 million tons.