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目的评价健康教育干预防治碘缺乏病效果,为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法按照《2007年度中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目技术方案》,在23个省(自治区)选择项目试点县,在每个项目县选择3个项目乡,每个乡在中心小学校4～6年级开展学校健康教育活动;选择3个村,开展农村社区健康教育。在项目实施前后,分别调查小学生和家庭主妇的碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率。结果各项目省(自治区)开展了大量、丰富多彩的健康教育宣传活动,实施健康教育干预后,小学生碘缺乏病防治知识平均知晓率由基线调查的67.14%上升为效果评价的90.11%,平均提高22.97个百分点;家庭主妇平均知晓率由基线调查的67.89%上升为效果评价的87.39%,平均提高19.50个百分点。结论健康教育活动可有效提高项目试点地区小学生、家庭主妇的碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率,增强群众的自我保健意识。
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education intervention on the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders and provide a scientific basis for future prevention and treatment. Methods In accordance with the Technical Proposal for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Cure Project of Central Subsidies for Local Public Health in 2007, pilot counties were selected in 23 provinces (autonomous regions) and 3 project townships were selected in each project county. Each township was housed in a central primary school for 4 ~ 6th grade to carry out school health education activities; choose 3 villages to carry out rural community health education. Before and after the implementation of the project, the knowledge of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders among primary school students and housewives was separately investigated. Results The project provinces (autonomous regions) carried out a large number of colorful health education campaigns. After implementing health education intervention, the average awareness rate of prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders among primary school students increased from 67.14% of the baseline survey to 90.11% of the effectiveness evaluation, with an average increase 22.97 percentage points. The average housewife awareness rate increased from 67.89% of the baseline survey to 87.39% of the effect assessment, with an average increase of 19.50 percentage points. Conclusion Health education activities can effectively raise the awareness rate of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control among primary school students and housewives in the pilot project areas and enhance people’s awareness of self-care.