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目的：总结多发性原发性肺癌（ＭＰＬＣ）的诊治经验。方法：回顾１９７５年３月至１９９７年１月间手术治疗ＭＰＬＣ的统计资料，采用Ｍａｒｔｉｎｉ和Ｍｅｌａｍｅｄ的ＭＰＬＣ诊断标准，分析诊治结果。结果：８８３例原发性肺癌中有ＭＰＬＣ２０例，发生率为２．２６％，均手术治疗，无手术死亡。其中同时癌９例，术前误诊为转移４例，术前漏诊２例，术后３年、５年、１０年生存率分别为５５．６％、１１．１％、０％。异时癌１１例，术前误诊为复发或转移５例，术后３年、５年、１０年生存率分别为８１．８％、４５．５％、１８．２％。结论：提高对ＭＰＬＣ的认识，重视胸片、ＣＴ、纤维支气管镜、痰脱落细胞学等常规检查，有助于ＭＰＬＣ的诊断。外科手术切除是ＭＰＬＣ安全、有效的首选治疗方案，尤其是异时癌，仍可以获得长期生存。
Objective: To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC). Methods: The statistical data of surgical treatment of MPLC between March 1975 and January 1997 were reviewed. Martini and Melamed’s MPLC diagnostic criteria were used to analyze the diagnosis and treatment results. RESULTS: Of the 883 patients with primary lung cancer, 20 were MPLC and the incidence was 2.26%. All of them were surgically treated and had no operative mortality. There were 9 cases of simultaneous cancer, 4 cases were misdiagnosed before surgery, and 2 cases were missed before surgery. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 55.6%, 11.1%, and 0%, respectively. There were 11 cases of metachronous carcinoma, and 5 cases were misdiagnosed as recurrence or metastasis before surgery. The 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates were 81.8%, 45.5%, and 18.2%, respectively. Conclusion: To improve the understanding of MPLC, and pay attention to chest X-ray, CT, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, sputum cytology and other routine examinations, it is helpful to the diagnosis of MPLC. Surgical resection is the safest and most effective treatment option for MPLC, especially for different time cancers, which can still achieve long-term survival.