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目的了解北京市郊区儿童哮喘病相关影响因素,为采取相应干预措施提供依据。方法采用自行设计调查问卷抽取北京市郊区小学27 445名1~5年级小学生父母进行横断面调查,对按标准筛查出的370例哮喘病例组学生和868名对照组学生父母进行病因调查。结果病例组低出生体重、非足月出生、母乳喂养>6个月、有哮喘家族史、有过敏家族史、有过敏症、被动吸烟和家中燃煤做饭且不排风的比例分别为8.4%,10.0%,69.7%,21.4%,26.2%,34.3%,77.0%和26.8%;对照组分别为4.2%,6.0%,75.7%,8.3%,17.7%,11.7%,70.6%和19.8%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,低出生体重、有哮喘家族史、有过敏家族史、有过敏症和家中燃煤做饭且不排风是北京市郊区儿童患哮喘的危险因素;母乳喂养>6个月是北京市郊区儿童患哮喘的保护因素。结论应针对儿童易患哮喘病的危险因素制定相应的预防措施,提倡母乳喂养,以降低患哮喘的相对危险性。
Objective To understand the influencing factors of childhood asthma in Beijing suburbs and to provide basis for the corresponding interventions. Methods A total of 27,445 pupils from grade 1 to grade 5 in suburban primary schools in Beijing were selected for cross-sectional survey by self-designed questionnaire. 370 parents of asthmatic students and 868 control subjects screened by standard were investigated for their etiology. Results The cases of low birth weight, non-full-term birth, breastfeeding> 6 months, a family history of asthma, family history of allergies, allergies, passive smoking and home cooking coal and do not exhaust the ratio was 8.4 Control group were 4.2%, 6.0%, 75.7%, 8.3%, 17.7%, 11.7%, 70.6% and 19.8% (P <0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that low birth weight, family history of asthma, family history of allergy, allergy and home cooking without exhausting were Risk factors for childhood asthma in suburban children; Breastfeeding> 6 months is a protective factor against childhood asthma in Beijing suburbs. Conclusions Corresponding preventive measures should be made according to the risk factors of asthma in children and promote breastfeeding so as to reduce the relative risk of asthma.