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目的对江门市某学校发生的一起胃肠炎聚集性疫情进行调查和分析。方法采用描述性流行病学和病例对照研究方法分析疫情流行病学特征、传播方式及发病危险因素;对学校教室、食堂、饮水等开展卫生学调查,标本送实验室采用RT-PCR方法检测诺如病毒。结果共报告病例69例,罹患率为5.66%。病例临床表现较轻,以呕吐为主(98.55%)。疫情从2014年11月3日至11月9日,持续6 d,发病高峰时间为11月5日。病例全部为学生,在年级、班级空间分布上有集聚性,一年级报告病例数最多(61例,占88.41%)。在学校午托(RR=2.80,95%CI:1.52~5.26)和相连座位有同学患病(OR=3.12,95%CI:1.14~8.52)是发病的危险因素。4份病人肛拭子标本中检测出诺如病毒GⅡ型。结论本次疫情为一起由诺如病毒GⅡ型引起的学校胃肠炎暴发,在学校午托、相连座位有同学患病是发病危险因素,传播方式为人传人。
Objective To investigate and analyze a gastroenteritis epidemic in a school in Jiangmen City. Methods Descriptive epidemiology and case-control studies were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, modes of transmission and risk factors of the epidemic. Health surveys were conducted on classrooms, canteens and drinking water. Specimens were sent to laboratories for RT-PCR Such as viruses. Results A total of 69 cases were reported, the attack rate was 5.66%. The clinical manifestations of patients were mild, mainly vomiting (98.55%). The outbreak was from November 3 to November 9, 2014 for 6 days and the peak incidence was November 5. All the cases were students, and there was concentration in the grade and class space. The number of reported cases was the highest in the first grade (61 cases, accounting for 88.41%). There was a risk factor for onset of illness in school afternoon care (RR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.52-5.26) and students with associated students (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.14-8.52). Four patients with anal swab specimens detected norovirus G Ⅱ type. Conclusions The outbreak was a school outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Norovirus G Ⅱ. In school, there were some students who were sick in the linked seats with risk factors of onset. The mode of transmission was from person to person.