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为探明紫云英作绿肥对常规红米水稻品种产量和主要品质指标的影响,以常规地方品种小白占和高原红为材料,于2014-2015年在贵州盘县进行紫云英还田4个不同肥料处理(T1,紫云英全量还田;T2,全化学氮肥;T3,紫云英全量作底肥、追施40%化学氮肥;CK,不施肥)的田间试验。结果表明,紫云英全量还田的处理比未施肥对照显著增产,2个品种T1、T2和T3处理的产量分别比对照提高17.5%、45.5%、41.4%和12.6%、28.4%、23.7%,增产的原因主要得益于有效穗数和每穗粒数的显著增加。紫云英全量还田能优化水稻群体结构,提高成穗率,改善收获指数,降低株高而减小倒伏风险;紫云英全量还田能减少化肥的使用,与T2处理相比,T3处理可减少60%的化学氮肥;紫云英全量还田还能显著增加整精米率、降低垩白粒率、提高胶稠度。紫云英全量还田技术在贵州山区常规稻优质安全种植上具有良好的应用效果。
In order to find out the effect of Astragalus-based green manure on the yield and main quality indexes of conventional red rice varieties, the common local cultivars Xiaobai Zhan and Plateau Red were used as materials to carry the Astragalus sinicus 4 in Panxian, Guizhou A field experiment was conducted on different fertilizers (T1, full-return of Astragalus sinicus; T2, full-chemical nitrogenous fertilizer; T3, total astragalus root as base fertilizer, topdressing 40% chemical nitrogenous fertilizer; The results showed that the total yield of Astragalus sinicus increased significantly compared with the control without fertilization, and the yield of T1, T2 and T3 increased by 17.5%, 45.5%, 41.4% and 12.6%, 28.4% and 23.7% , Mainly due to the increase in the effective panicles and grains per spike significantly increased. The total amount of return to Astragalus sinicus can optimize the population structure of rice, increase the percentage of spike formation, improve the harvest index and reduce the plant height, and reduce the risk of lodging. The return of Astragalus sinicus to soil reduces the use of chemical fertilizers. Compared with T2 treatment, T3 treatment Can reduce chemical nitrogenous fertilizer by 60%; the full return of Astragalus sinicus can also significantly increase the rate of milled rice, reduce the chalky grain rate and increase the gel consistency. The full application of Astragalus to the field technology in Guizhou mountainous areas of conventional high quality and safe planting has a good effect.